Can you buy the freehold of a leasehold property?

Yes you can and if you own a flat in the block, you become a ‘share of freeholder’. This process is known as collective enfranchisement.

The Leasehold Reform Act of 2002 created a variant of freehold, called commonhold.It concerns where a multi-occupancy building is split into a number of freehold units such that each individual flat owns its own freehold. A Commonhold Association owns and manages the communal areas, and the freeholders of the flats own this company. There is no superior freeholder in the arrangement. So far, very few commonhold arrangements have been created in the UK.

Are all houses freehold tenures?

No. There are houses that are leaseholds where a freeholder owns the land under the property. These types of leasehold houses pay ground rent and have very long leases.

Is a share of freehold property a freehold?

No. A share of freehold property is a leasehold for which you will also own a share of the freehold. Share of freehold properties are more frequently found in London Victorian conversions.

What types of property are freehold?

The following are a list of properties that are normally freehold: Georgian houses Victorian houses Standard Construction houses Standard Bungalows Cottages Although these styles of property are freehold, some of the above properties can be leasehold as well. For example, if a Victorian house has been converted into flats, the flats are leasehold.

What is a freehold?

by:

Andrew Boast

Last Updated: 25/10/2024

Read by:

1,203

5 min read

The Leasehold and Freehold Reform Act 2024 was passed on the 24th May 2024, but is not fully enforced yet and the date for this is not yet clear. We will update our content as and when the finalised legislation is published.

There are 2 types of property tenure:

Freehold
Leasehold

What is a freehold?

A freehold is defined legally as ‘permanent and absolute tenure of land or property with freedom to dispose of it at will’. In everyday terms regarding dwellings, it means you own the building/s and the land on which it is built on, as long as you are buying an absolute title (read on to find out more about this).

Is a Share of Freehold a Freehold?

Many buyers assume a share of freehold is a freehold however this is incorrect. A share of freehold is a leasehold property that comes with a share of the freehold title. Click here to read more about buying a share of freehold.

When buying a freehold property in England and Wales your name appears on the Land Registry as the ‘freeholder’ and, in most cases, you own the ‘title absolute’ in perpetuity (although you are still liable to redeem any mortgage you have taken out to pay for the property).

The vast majority of houses sold are freehold, but in the advent of shared ownership has seen growth in leasehold houses.

In this article we'll run through:

What is an absolute freehold title?
What is a possessory freehold title?
What are the Pros and Cons of a freehold?
Are all houses freehold?
What types of property are freehold?

If you are buying a freehold house and need legal support then call us on 0333 344 3234 (local call charges apply). Our solicitors can handle any type of freehold, leasehold or share of freehold regardless of complexity.

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Can you convert a freehold house into a leasehold?

Yes you can, and many London Victorian freehold houses get converted into 2 or 3 leasehold flats. You may find this style of leasehold flat also comes with a share of the freehold.

What are the different grades of Freehold Title?

Although in the majority of cases, a freehold title will be held absolute, there are a few cases where only a possessory title is granted by the Land Registry, and even fewer are a qualified title.

What is an Absolute Title?

An absolute title is granted when the buyer has a sound title, with the title deed in order and there is no one else could lay claim to the title (lay claim, meaning someone else can prove they own the title). If you have an absolute title registered at the Land Registry then this confirms that they "guarantee that you own the land" (the freehold). Read more - What is an Absolute Title?

Even with an absolute title, the freeholder is still subject to:

overriding interests;
minor interests protected by entry on the register; and
if the registered freeholder is a trustee, equitable interests under the trust of which the trustee has notice.

What is a Possessory Title?

A possessory title is registered where there is, or could be, a debate over the claim the freeholder has over the freehold title. This most commonly occurs where the title deeds produced are inadequate, or if the freeholder cannot produce any title deeds at all. It could also be the case that the freeholder confirms that the land was not originally theirs, but they are making claim that they now own it under 'adverse possession'. Read more - What is a Possessory Title?

What is the Adverse Possession rule?

The adverse possession rule means that if some one has been in control of a piece of land for 12 years, then all rival claims are normally made void due to the lapse of time.

A possessory title doesn't offer a great deal of comfort to a buyer as it is merely acknowledging that they are in control of the land at that time - it doesn't guarantee that they are the owner of the land. This means that is someone within the next 12 years is able to prove a better claim to the land, then they can remove your as the owner and replace themselves as the owner of the title absolute. You are unlikely to be able to register a mortgage over a possessory title. Read more - Protection with Possessory Title Indemnity Insurance.

The pros of buying a freehold property

You never have to pay ground rent;
You don’t have to pay a freeholder or managing agent to maintain your property;
You own your building in perpetuity; ownership never reverts to anyone else (unless you have a Possessory Title and someone comes along with a better claim to the freehold than you);
You can make alterations/extensions without consent from a freeholder
You have the possibility of converting the property into leasehold flats.

The cons of buying a freehold property

Freehold properties are more expensive to buy;
You have to manage the maintenance of your property yourself.
You could be buying a 'flying freehold'.

Frequently Asked Questions

LEASEHOLD

COMMONHOLD

TENURE

SHAREOFFREEHOLD

TYPES

Written by: Andrew Boast

Andrew Boast FMAAT is a qualified accountant, conveyancing specialist and author with over 25 years of experience in the UK property sector. Since beginning his career in 2000 within established SRA and CLC-regulated conveyancing solicitor firms, Andrew has overseen the legal journeys of more than 75,000 clients.

He is the author of the property guide 'How to Buy a House Without Killing Anyone' and a frequent contributor to mainstream UK media on legislative updates, property law, first-time buyer guides, conveyancing best practices, and stamp duty changes. Andrew specialises in resolving complex title issues, property conflict disputes, and property tax options, streamlining the enquiry process to reduce transaction times and maintaining a client-friendly focus.

Reviewed by: Caragh Bailey

Caragh Bailey is a Lead Property Content Specialist at SAM Conveyancing, having joined the firm in 2020. With a portfolio of over 150 technical conveyancing, house survey and mortgage guides, she has become a primary authority on the end-to-end sale and purchase process.

Caragh specialises in complex legal workflows, including Help to Buy redemptions, equity transfers, shared ownership structures, trust deeds for tax planning, and joint ownership disputes. Her expertise extends to leasehold reform and RICS home surveys, where she provides clear, factual guidance on independent legal advice for specialist mortgage products and intricate ownership structures.

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